Wildlife Management

Wildlife Management

Wildlife: (independent)

The animals that are not domesticated live eat and reproduce in natural environment or natural habitat.

Wildlife management is the process of keeping certain wildlife populations, including endangered animals, at desirable levels determined by wildlife managers.

 Wildlife management is interdisciplinary, integrating science, mathematics, imagination, and logic.

 It deals with protecting endangered and threatened species and subspecies and their habitats, as well as with non-threatened agricultural pests and game species.

 Aldo Leopold, one of the pioneers of wildlife management, defined it as "the art of making land produce sustained annual crops of wildlife."

Livestock: (dependent)

The animals which are domesticated b Human beings and these are taken care because of certain benefits (Food, Services, clothing, etc)

Biodiversity:

Refers to Variety in life in terms of animals and plants.

OR

Biodiversity is the variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome or for the entire Earth. Biodiversity is often used as a measure of the health of biological systems.

Ecosystem

An ecosystem is a natural unit consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms in an area functioning together with all the non-living physical factors of the environment.

Biome

A biome is a climate and geographical area of ecologically similar communities of plants, animals, and soil organisms, often referred to as ecosystems. Biomes are defined based on factors such as plant structures (such as trees, shrubs, and grasses), leaf types (such as broadleaf and needleleaf), plant spacing (forest, woodland, savanna), and other factors like climate. Unlike ecozones, biomes are not defined by genetic, taxonomic, or historical similarities. Biomes are often identified with particular patterns of ecological succession and climax vegetation.

Importance of Biodiversity:

1. Increases Biodiversity (variety) in nature.

2. It is also used as environmental indicator (if there is more verity environmental is healthy and if it is against it then the environment is degrading)

3. It is helpful in income generation also (Tourism, Natural Parks, etc )

Human Impacts on Biodiversity: (Negative impacts)

1. Environmental stress (climate change, global warming, etc)

2. Habitat destruction (natural habitat of natural living beings)

3. Introduction of non-natural species (in new places, which are not there natural habitat)

The species which are being rapidly eliminated from the world or which have already been eliminated are categorized as fallowing;

1. Threatened Species: ( vulnerable, susceptible, exposed, defenseless,)

Threatened species are any species (including animals, plants, fungi, insects, bugs, etc.) which are vulnerable to extinction in the near future..

2. Endangered Species: (rare, scarce, in danger of extinction, dying out, very low population, few survivor)

An endangered species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct because it is either few in number, or threatened by changing environmental or predation parameters.

3. Extinction Species: (death, extermination, loss, disappearance, etc)

A species becomes extinct when the last existing member of that species dies. Extinction therefore becomes a certainty when there are no surviving individuals that are able to reproduce and create a new generation.

Causes of Extinction:

1. When Habitat is affected.

 Habitat Loss

 Habitat Degradation

 Habitat Fragmentation (disintegration, breakup, division, etc)

2. Illegal hunting.

3. Diseases.

4. Changing habitats.

Principles of Wildlife Management

WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT is defined as "the science and art of managing wildlife and its habitat, for the benefit of the soil, vegetation and animals, including humans."

Basic Rules of Wild Life Management:

1. Good wildlife management must be based on solid biological information.

2. Good wildlife management must include the management of humans, because our activities affect wildlife.

3. Good wildlife management must benefit plants and other animals not just one species of wildlife.

4. Good wildlife management must put animal numbers at a level we can live with - not too many and not too few.

5. Good wildlife management must balance animal numbers with the habitat (food, shelter, water and space) available for those animals.

6. Good wildlife management must balance conservation (wise use) of the resource - not total preservation (non-use) of the resource.

The Ingredients of Good Wildlife Management:

п‚Ñž HABITAT, for example, includes all the things that wildlife and humans need for life - air, food, water, shelter and space to live.

п‚Ñž The ARRANGEMENT of food, cover, water and space in an area determines wildlife types, numbers and where you'll find them.

п‚Ñž CARRYING CAPACITY is the number of animals an area can support throughout the year without permanently damaging the habitat or starving the animals.

п‚Ñž SOCIAL TOLERANCE is the number of animals a landowner or the public will allow in an area.

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