English Paper

Eng 1100

Paper 1

Marie - Kristine Шby Krosvik

Question 1

1) The West cannot afford a more direct conflict with Saudi Arabia at the moment.

|----S-----| |------V-------| |----------------- dO -------------------------| |-------A------|

The West cannot afford a more direct conflict with Saudi Arabia at the moment.

2) Why did you find him so arrogant?

|------V-----|

A S O |-----oP----|

Why did you find him so arrogant?

Question 2

"We must protect the right [to be left alone]!" For many this phrase, [made famous by LB], captures the essence of a notoriously slippery but crucial concept. [Drawing the boundaries of privacy] has always been tricky. Most people [have long accepted] the need [to give] the authorities some information about themselves [to make] [voting], [banking], [shopping] etc possible.

[To be left alone] is the post-modifier of 'the right'. 'Right' is the head of the noun phrase [the right to be left alone], which works as the object in the sentence.

[Made famous by LB] functions as the post-modifier of the head of the noun phrase, 'phrase'.

[Drawing the boundaries of privacy] is a verb phrase, which functions as the subject in the sentence.

[Have long accepted] is the verbal of the sentence. ('long' is adverbial)

[To give] is part of the post-modifier of 'the need'.

[To make] is part of the adverbial in the sentence, along with [voting], [banking], [shopping].

Question 3

a) In this paragraph there is a set of sentences which in a sense do not hang together.

I chose to use [do not] because the verb refers to the sentences; (a set of) sentences which in a sense do not hang together. The antecedents of which is 'sentences', and 'sentences' is in the plural form.

b) One reason the terror often appears to be epidemic is that the tactics are so similar everywhere.

The verb 'be' appears in the clause [that the tactics (BE) so similar everywhere]. It refers to the word 'the tactics', which is in the plural form. That explains the use of 'are'.

c) He lived in one of those pre-fabricated houses from the early 50s that seem to attract a certain type of people.

It is the 'houses from the early 50s' that attract the people. The word 'houses' is in the plural form, and that is why I used 'seem'.

d) If there is any more painting to be done, you should offer your help.

In this sentence I chose to use 'is' because of the noun phrase 'any more painting to be done'. The head of the noun phrase is 'any', an indefinite third person singular pronoun.

e) This ten week programme is to provide participants with a solid basis in teaching English for Academic Purposes (EAP).

'Ten week programme' is in the singular form, and that is why I chose to use 'is'.

f) A number of proposals have been put forward but not voted on.

I chose to use 'have' because the noun phrase involves a quantifier with 'of'. Then you can use both the singular and the plural form of the verb. In this noun phrase, 'a number of' can be replaced by 'many', and then it is most likely to use the plural form.

g) What is the estimated number of civilian casualties in the Gulf War?

'The estimated number of civilian casualties' can be replaced by 'it', that is why I chose to use 'is'. 'It' is the third person.

h) How many civilian deaths has the Pentagon predicted in the event of an attack?

The subject of the sentence is 'the Pentagon', which is a proper noun. Then I choose to use the singular form.

i) English in Europe has at least three forms of life, each of which points in a slightly different direction.

Each can only be used with a singular verb.

j) What I hate so intensely is all the forms I have to fill in every year.

This sentence has an equative SVsP pattern, and the verb agrees with the subject. The phrase 'what I hate so intensely' can be replaced by 'it'.

k) Everyone of the eleven men of the team are important.

There are more than one men on the team, and in this sentence you can refer to everyone as 'they'. Then I chose to use the plural form of the verb.

l) The cats have no been taken to a vet in town, but non are strong enough to be left to themselves.

The verb refers to 'the cats', which is in the plural form.

m) The Left has always supported workers rather than employers.

'The Left' is the name of a party. Proper nouns are followed by verbs in the singular form.

n) I'm better than him when it comes to getting things done, (BE NOT) I?

o) These university curricula show great diversity.

Curricula is the plural form of the noun, and take s a plural verb,

p) I am not unaware to the fact that cultural studies are often integrated into many of the other subjects listed in the new curricula.

'Studies' is in the plural form, and takes a plural verb.

q) There is obviously more than one way of approaching this problem.

'One way' is

...