Uoft Music 204
Essay by candycslam • December 2, 2015 • Course Note • 1,335 Words (6 Pages) • 1,261 Views
Lecture 1
Bach Werk-Verzeichnis (BWV)
- Catalogue number/Index to Bach’s works
Harpsichord
- Stringed keyboard instrument
Partita
- Means variations or Greek style suite
Homophonic
- In Greek, it means “same-sounding”
- Melodies move in step with one another
Contrapuntal
- Describes counterpoint
- Combination of simultaneously sounding musical lines
Binary form
- A kind of structure where two sections of music are repeated one after the other
- AABB
Spinning out melody
Walking bass
- A type of bass line which moves continuously and with purposeful regularity, steadily
- With contrasting, usually longer note values to those in the upper parts
Sequence
- Repeat of music in a different pitch
Lecture 2
Allemande (duple metre)
- Continuous motion
Corrente (triple metre)
- Motion in running scales
Sarabande (triple metre)
- Stately, accent on the second beat
Minuets I and II (triple metre)
- Elegant
Gigue (duple metre, triple rhythms)
- Lively, imitative
Lecture 3
concerto
- interplay between a small group of solo and a large group ripieno, creating instrumental dialogue
- harpsichord player for the basso continuo
- FSF
- Ritornello: constantly returns, begins in tonic key, might modulate but eventually returns to home key
- Episodes: by solo instruments, contrasting material to ritornello
- solo concerto: full orchestra with a single soloist
concerto grosso
- full orchestra and small group of soloist
concertino
- the group of soloist in a concerto grosso, playing the solo section
ripieno
- the group of orchestral players in a concerto grosso, playing the tutti section
ritornello
- the returning/repeat section, played by tutti
episode
- sections that alternate with ritornello, played by soloists
fugue
- a contrapuntal composition
- after exposition of the subject, episodes (connective passages) keep spinning out
- often also contains a counter-subject
- multiple parts
fugal exposition
- the first voice that enters accompanied bringing in the principal theme, i.e. the subject, of the fugue, then joined by other voices
basso continuo
- the bass line of baroque music which contains figured bass
- upper melody is improvised from the figured basses
“il prete rosso”
- “the red haired priest”, refers to Antonio Vivaldi
Ospedale della Pietà
- A residential school for orphaned girls and young women in Venice, where Vivaldi was appointed director of music
- Combines basic education with religious training and placed a strong emphasis on music
French overture style (ouverture)
- Solemn introduction to a ballet, opera, or oratorio
- Orchestral music designed to precede a full-length dramatic work
- May or may not come to a full close before the drama begins
1) Slow and grand
2) Dotted rhythms ** important- comes out like a jagged pattern
3) Flourishes
Lecture 4
Chorale
- The congregational hymn of the German Protestant church service
- Both text and melody
Cantata
- A work for one or more voices with instrumental accompaniment
- Consists of succession of contrasting sections, i.e. arias and recitative
cantus firmus texture
- Pre-existing melody as the basis of new polyphonic composition
Imitation
- Repetition of melodic contour of one part by another, often at a different pitch
Recitative – secco (dry) or accompagnato (accompanied)
- Vocal music mimicking dramatic speech, free in rhythm (according to changing meanings of the text)
- A feature of cantatas
- Used to carry the plot forward
- Dry recitative/recitativo secco: only accompanied by bass line
- Accompanied recitative/recitativo accompagnato: accompanied by orchestra (basso continuo), declamatory (expressing feelings and opinions)
Aria
- Lyrical solo voice piece with or without instrumental accompaniment
- During aria, the movements of opera stop
- Time to explore the emotion created by the story
- Usually accompanied by full orchestra
- Ternary form
major mode
minor mode
Cantional style
- Collection of hymn or chorales
Bar form
- AAB form
Lecture 5
Modulation
- change of key
Obbligato
- music written out in full instead of improvised from figured bass
Cadenza
- passage near the end of a concerto movement or aria
- improvised or written out
- decorated cadence
tonic, dominant
motive (motif?)
- short musical idea, subdivision of a theme or phrase
Concerto: a musical composition for a solo instrument or solo instruments with an accompanying orchestra
Concerto Grosso: a composition that involves an orchestra that embodies the concept of contrasting musical bodies whereby the soloist(s) is/are highlighted and the orchestra is contextual. The soloists are one group (concertino) and the orchestra another (ripieno).
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