The Wars Of Independence In Latin America
Essay by 24 • December 3, 2010 • 302 Words (2 Pages) • 1,634 Views
The Wars of Independence in Latin America
Ð'* Rebellions between 1804-1824
Ð'* Colonial govt. ended in S. America
Ð'* Haiti revolt
o led by Toussaint L'Ouverture and Jean-Jacques Dessalines
o Merchant, landowner, professional class participated (Creole elite)
o Natives and blacks didn't as much
Ð'* Discontentment of Creoles
o Slave revolts in Andes, scared Creoles
o Angry w/Spanish govt.
 Taxes too high
 Trade limits
Ð'* Peninsulares-whites born in Spain
o Got the best positions
o Hated by most
Ð'* Creoles dividing Spain
o Afraid France controlled Spain too much, to get Latin American wealth
o Decided to divide Latin America into states
o Ended peninsulares' privileges
o Spain broke away, under Fernando VII
o Creoles had more privileges
Ð'* Rio de la Plata (modern Argentina)
o Centered around Buenos Aires
o 1810-Spanish authority taken away, including Paraguay & Uruguay
o Armies defeated
Ð'* San Martin
o Leading general of these forces
o Lead Andes mountain march
o 1817- occupied Santiago in Chile
o "Protector of Peru"
Ð'* Simon Bolivar
o 1810-liberations in Caracas, Venezuela
o Republican govt. & independence favored
o 1811-1814 Civil War in Venezuela
 Royalists vs. slaves and llaneros (Venezuelan cowboys)
 Exiled to Columbia then Jamaica
o 1816 invasion w/Haiti of Venezuela
o 1821 captured Caracas, became president
o 1822 joined San Martin to liberate Quito
 San Martin=monarchism, Bolivar=republicanism
 San Martin went into exile in Europe
o Dec. 9, 1824 Battle of Ayacucho
 Spanish royalists are defeated
Ð'* Independence in New Spain
o Outcome of Latin American
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