Investigation, Inquiries and Immersion

Investigation, Inquiries and Immersion

CHAPTER I

- the beginning of the main text or body of the research.

A. Introduction

* must create impact, interest, enthusiasm on          the part of the reader.
* motivates the reader.
* must be objective and scientific.
* use, simple, scientific words/ avoid using flowery and emotional words.
* allows researchers own opinion but should be stated by facts, records, documents, statement from persons with authority.
*  2-3 pages long

[pic 1]

B. Background of the Study

 * historical background of the problem

* discussing factors that led to the conceptualization of the problem.

C. Statement of the Problem

 * should be clear, specific and simply stated.
* general statement followed by specific questions of the problem.




[pic 2]

Criteria:
-researchable
- significance
- feasibility
-interesting

Content of Statement of the Problem:[pic 3]

Level I. Factor Isolating - descriptive
         II. Factor Relating - correlational
         III. Situation Relating - experimental[pic 4][pic 5]

D. Significance of the Study

         -purpose and objective - overall goals and                 specific aim
        - beneficials (group,person,government)
        - explain who will benefit to the study and         how would it be beneficial to them.

E. Scope and Limitation 

- extent, who, when and where.
-Delimitation - destriction[pic 6][pic 7]

E. Definition of Terms[pic 8]

CHAPTER II

- review of Related Literature

A. RRL
- part of the research paper which includes literature, studies and related theories.
- must be organized, identify the areas of controversy and formulate question

2 Kinds of RRL
        a. Data based literature - research literature/         documented previous studies/ thesis
        b. Conceptual Literature - non-research         literature, audio tapes, records, books and         journals.

Ways of presenting Literature:
a) quotation - exact words from the author
                 * DIRECT - “…..”
                * INDIRECT - as cited, according to.
b) paraphrase - restates
c) summary - condensed form
d) evaluation - own opinion, ideas, agreement and disagreement.

Certain Considerations in Selecting RRL and Studies
1. The materials must be as recent as possible
2. Materials must be objective
3. Selected RL and studies must be relevant as possible.

Proper Citation:
a. Single Author (Fabian, 2017)
b. Different Author ( Fabian & Domingo, 2015)

B. HYPOTHESES

- educated, intelligent and wise guess
        - predict the outcome of the study
        - enables the researcher formulate questions

        - a decision is made [pic 9][pic 10][pic 11]

Types of Hypothesis

1. Null - statistical/ no relationship
   B. Alternative - shows significant relationship

2 Kinds of Variables

1. Independent - cause/ manipulate
   B. Dependent - effect/ affected

Categories of Variable

1. Numerical
                   * discrete -  fixed
                   * continuous - arise measurement
2.  Categorize
                   a. Nominal - to name/classify
                           ex. Religion: catholic
                   b. Ordinal - ranking/ order
                           ex. Officer- president

c. Interval - ex. every six hours
        d. Ratio - always start with 0/ length
                ex. Salary,age,height

2 types of Framework

1. Theoretical - is a symbolic construction                 which uses abstract concepts, facts,variables                 and their relation that explains and observe                 phenomenon operation.
2. Conceptual - main thrust of the study and                 serves as the guide in conducting study.

CHAPTER  III

The Research Methodology

- a.k. a as Design and Planning
- blue print is Research Design
- explain how the study was conducted
- describes the respondents of the study, research    locale and research instrument
- how the data were gathered and treated statistically or data analysis
- describe the research design
-proposal is written in Future tense












I. 3 Basic Research Designs[pic 12]

1. Descriptive - events are recorded, described,                         analyzed, interpreted and compared.
                   - includes observation, test,                                 questionnaires, surveys, interviews                         and case studies.
                   - cor-relational research is used.
2. Historical - past events are studied and related in                             future time.
                     - purpose: to reconstruct the past                             objectively and accurately.
3. Experimental - cause and effect relationship a                          treatment on a variable is determined.

c. 2. True Experimental Design - objective is         to         investigate possible cause and effect         relationship among the variables under study.

C. 1. Quasi- Experimental Design - similar to T.E.D                         but different in some features.
                - can’t be manipulate.


        

II. Respondents of the Study

- the researcher must be explain how and where the subjects will be selected.
- brief description at the respondent is presented and how they will be selected

ex.
Place where the respondents will be selected. Number of chosen respondents.
Type of Respondents
Gender
Year

III. Research Locale

- the place/institution where the study will be conducted should be well discussed.

ex.
The institution’s place
Brief founding history
Mission, Vision, objectives that fit into the objectives of the study should be well- emphasized.