Principle Marketing essays and research papers
1,469 Principle Marketing Free Essays: 951 - 975 (showing first 1,000 results)
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Market Resarch For Toys Industry
TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive summary 3 Description of one target market and buyer behavior 4 Perceptual Map 5 Marketing Objective 6 Positioning the product 6 Product strategy 6 Place strategy 7 Price strategy 8 Promotion strategy 9 Advertisement 10 Appendix A 11 Appendix B 13 Appendix C 13 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Product type: The product for this project is interactive and programmed toy/bear for children. The name is Bozzy Toy Company: The Company chosen for producing
Rating:Essay Length: 2,682 Words / 11 PagesSubmitted: July 3, 2011 -
Marketing Analysis
Baldwin Bicycle Case Study 1. The relevant costs are those that occur in the future and differ for each feasible alternative. These relevant costs should be compared to the current situation at Baldwin in order to evaluate the decision to join with Hi-Valu: Per units cost $83.90 R&D Cost (5000/25000) 0.2 Other variable costs** 18.44 Total $102.54 ** 5.5% of assets Added estimate of monthly inventory cost to balance sheet info to estimate avg assets
Rating:Essay Length: 278 Words / 2 PagesSubmitted: July 3, 2011 -
Iphone Marketing Plan
iPhone marketing plan Market Summary The iPhone targets consumers who need to store information and communicate or people who want entertainment on the go. Apples target segments consist of professionals, students, corporate users, entrepreneurs, and health care workers. Currently, the market for high-end phones like the Apple iPhone is small. Few people want Internet, video, and PDA features in one device because of the high price. The smart phone market is still relatively small compared
Rating:Essay Length: 3,613 Words / 15 PagesSubmitted: July 3, 2011 -
A Critical Review Of The Ways In Which Marketing Thought Is Evolving In Response To Current Trends In The Services Marketing Environment.
A critical review of the ways in which marketing thought is evolving in response to current trends in the services marketing environment. ' There is a growing realization that services marketing management not only requires new theories and approaches but that these perspectives are changing the whole paradigm of marketing'. Introduction: Over the past three decades services marketing has emerged as a well established area in its own right. However, the original boundaries that existed
Rating:Essay Length: 3,110 Words / 13 PagesSubmitted: July 3, 2011 -
Efficient Market Hypothesis
Efficient Market Hypothesis When establishing financial prices, the market is usually deemed to be well-versed and clever. In a stock market, stocks are based on the information given and should be priced at the accurate level. In the past, this was supposed to be guaranteed by the accessibility of sufficient information from investors. However, as new information is given the prices would shift. “Free markets, so the hypothesis goes, could only be inefficient if investors
Rating:Essay Length: 1,719 Words / 7 PagesSubmitted: July 4, 2011 -
Defining Marketing
Defining Marketing Paper The daily routine of most Americans begins by getting out of bed, showering, dressing, eating some form of breakfast and culminates with us getting into a vehicle and heading to work or school. This obligatory start to most days is as stated, both routine and ordinary. In general, as consumers, we do not give a second thought to why we chose the brand of mattress we rise from, the brands of pajamas,
Rating:Essay Length: 892 Words / 4 PagesSubmitted: July 5, 2011 -
Marketing Definition Paper
The American Marketing Association (2008) defines marketing as an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders. Perreault & McCarthy, Jr. (2004) expand upon this definition calling it “micro-marketing” and defining it as the performance of activities that seek to accomplish an organization’s objectives by anticipating customer or client needs and directing a flow
Rating:Essay Length: 788 Words / 4 PagesSubmitted: July 5, 2011 -
Wachovia Case Study-Marketable Securities
Wachovia Corporation вЂ" Marketable Securities A i. Trading securities are securities that are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term and are therefore held for only a short period of time. ii. Cash $1 Dividend Income $1 Interest or dividends will be reported at the date it is supposed to be received. Most payments are in cash. However, interest and dividends can be accrued in the necessary asset
Rating:Essay Length: 700 Words / 3 PagesSubmitted: July 5, 2011 -
Starbucks Marketing Case
Answer1. пÑ"ј Vision: the most recognized and respected brand in the world пÑ"ј Brand image - experiencing branding strategy: o “Live coffees” mantra - to keeping the national coffee culture alive. o Creating an “experience” around the consumption of coffee пÑ"ј Three components to this experiencing branding strategy: o First, coffee itself вЂ" offering the highest-quality coffee in the world, coffee standards by controlling the supply chain as possible and the distribution to retail stores
Rating:Essay Length: 1,949 Words / 8 PagesSubmitted: July 6, 2011 -
Marketing: How B2b Differs From B2c
Marketing: How B2B Differs From B2C Marketing b2b v b2c Marketing allows organizations to promote their products or services with the intent of maximizing their profit and gaining consumers’ confidence. In today’s society marketing the correct product/service can be difficult but implementing the marketing process and planning accurately can alleviate potential obstacles. This paper will discuss the meaning of marketing, define business to business (B2B), define business to consumer (B2C), and compare how marketing differs
Rating:Essay Length: 982 Words / 4 PagesSubmitted: July 6, 2011 -
Marketing Mix On M&S
Ladies Fashion- Clothes, Jewellery, shoes, handbags, cosmetics. Aimed at Ladies only. Generally mature ladies, middle classed because products are not too expensive for ladies fashion. Different product range for clothes such as; casual wear, evening wear, work clothes also swim wear and under wear. Not very highly fashionable this is why it’s classed for mature ladies. Quite basic clothes such as plain cashmere jumpers, trousers, jeans, plain t-shirts etc. Place All ladies fashion is placed
Rating:Essay Length: 352 Words / 2 PagesSubmitted: July 6, 2011 -
Market Segmentation
Market segmentation is one of the steps that goes into defining and targeting specific markets. It is the process of dividing a market into a distinct group of buyers that require different products or marketing mixes. A key factor to success in today's market place is finding subtle differences to give a business the marketing edge. Businesses that target specialty markets will promote its products and services more effectively than a business aiming at the
Rating:Essay Length: 361 Words / 2 PagesSubmitted: July 6, 2011 -
Marketing
Marketing Term Paper Sean Gamble When deciding to write this term paper, I had a lot of topics to choose from that were both interesting and exciting. In the end, I decided to right this term paper on identifying market segments and targets. I found this subject in the course by far the most interesting of any topic covered. In the research that I conducted, I noticed many similarities in all the texts that I
Rating:Essay Length: 1,557 Words / 7 PagesSubmitted: July 6, 2011 -
Ford Hybrid Marketing Plan
Introduction The push for green cars comes from people looking for ways to lessen their impact on the environment and become less dependent on oil. The research into alternative and more efficient energy is ongoing, but there is technology available for those who are willing to help. At the individual level, personal automobiles are one of the easiest ways for people to help with the movement. As more people are becoming informed and taking action,
Rating:Essay Length: 7,931 Words / 32 PagesSubmitted: July 6, 2011 -
Opportunity Cost And The Free Market
OPPORTUNITY COST & THE FREE MARKET Scarcity is one of the most basic and crucial points to understand in microeconomics.1Scarcity means that we cannot have all the needs and wants to satisfy our desires. Scarcity can be applied to almost anything. Due to the scarcity of products we must make a choice of what we want. We must choose whether to do one thing or another by what we value to be most important to
Rating:Essay Length: 1,760 Words / 8 PagesSubmitted: July 6, 2011 -
Marketting Mix
Question 3: Marketing mix decisions and strategies are always among the most complex areas of marketing management. Choose a well-known product or service and analyze what marketing strategies have been used to market it as far as you are aware of. Bring in as many elements of the marketing mix as you can to illustrate your analysis. Marketing Strategy A marketing strategy is a set of actions, which constitute a plan, direction, guide or course
Rating:Essay Length: 2,170 Words / 9 PagesSubmitted: July 7, 2011 -
Relationship Between Different Sectorial Indices And The Market Indices
TABLE OF CONTENT PAGE CHAPTER ONE : INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the StudyвЂ¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦.2 1.2 Problem StatementвЂ¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦...5 1.3 Research QuestionsвЂ¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦..6 1.4 Objective of the StudyвЂ¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦..7 1.5 Scope of the StudyвЂ¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦9 1.6 Significance of the StudyвЂ¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦.10 1.7 List of AbbreviationвЂ¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦.11 CHAPTER TWO : LITERATURE REVIEWвЂ¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦..12 CHAPTER THREE : RESEARCH METHODOLOGYвЂ¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦. 14 3.1 Data and Sample Statistics 3.1.1 Data and Source of DataвЂ¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦..16 3.1.2 Sample of StudyвЂ¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦...16 3.1.3 Theoretical FrameworkвЂ¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦17 3.1.4 Statement of HypothesisвЂ¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦..20 3.2 Statistical Method of
Rating:Essay Length: 3,547 Words / 15 PagesSubmitted: July 7, 2011 -
Global Rice Market
Global rice production is expected to increase by 1.8 per cent вЂ" or 12 million tones вЂ" this year, easing a tight supply situation in key cultivating countries, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) said today. Assuming normal weather conditions, sizable production increases are expected in all the major Asian rice-producing countries вЂ" Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, the Philippines and Thailand, where supply and demand are currently rather stretched. “The international rice
Rating:Essay Length: 264 Words / 2 PagesSubmitted: July 7, 2011 -
Internet Marketing
Internet marketing is also known as the E-marketing or online marketing, it is the marketing of products or services over the Internet. Internet marketing brings in creative and technical aspects of the Internet (including design, development, advertising and sales). Internet marketing methods include: Ð"ÑŸ Search engine marketing- search engine optimization Ð"ÑŸ Display advertising- graphic information (flash-web banners, logo, photographs) Ð"ÑŸ E-mail marketing- form of direct marketing Ð"ÑŸ Affiliate marketing- web-based marketing, business pays affiliates for
Rating:Essay Length: 276 Words / 2 PagesSubmitted: July 7, 2011 -
Motivation In Marketing
The product that I recently bought was the MacBook, the Apple laptop. At the time I bought it, I have such a high level of drive that arouses me to satisfy the needs. I finally decide to reduce the tension, occurs from the discrepancy between my present state (of not having it) and my goal (owns a notebook), by buying it. The motivation I had then resulted from my needs, both utilarian and hedonic. On
Rating:Essay Length: 476 Words / 2 PagesSubmitted: July 8, 2011 -
Fresh And Easy Marketing Mix
Having only launched in the USA in November, 2007 (BBC, 2007), Fresh & Easy is in the market introduction stage of its product life cycle. Typical of this stage of the product life cycle, Fresh & Easy is not yet profitable (BBC, 2007) and is suffering from low sales (Rigby & Braithwaite, 2008). It has endured high distribution costs, having to build a new distribution network from scratch (BBC, 2007), including building its own distribution
Rating:Essay Length: 1,611 Words / 7 PagesSubmitted: July 8, 2011 -
The Ultimate Marketing Machine
The ultimate marketing machine Jul 6th 2006 | SAN FRANCISCO From The Economist print edition Thanks to the power of the internet, advertising is becoming less wasteful and its value more measurable IN TERMS of efficiency, if not size, the advertising industry is only now starting to grow out of its century-long infancy, which might be called “the Wanamaker era”. It was John Wanamaker, a devoutly Christian merchant from Philadelphia, who in the 1870s not
Rating:Essay Length: 2,867 Words / 12 PagesSubmitted: July 8, 2011 -
Bundling Effects On Welfare In The Pay Tv Market
1. Introduction Bundling is a common feature in many imperfectly competitive product markets. Firms in the telecommunications, financial services, health care, and information industries frequently offer products in bundles. While often innocuous, recent research has identified settings in which bundling can be used by firms to price discriminate among consumers or to extend market power into related product markets ([Adams and Yellen, 1976], [Bakos and Brynjolfsson, 1999] and [Nalebuff, 2004]). We conduct a numerical analysis
Rating:Essay Length: 7,647 Words / 31 PagesSubmitted: July 8, 2011 -
Marketing Plan
Marketing Plan: Phase 1 Paper PetSmart is one of the largest specialty pet retailers of service and solutions for the lifetime of pets. More than 1008 stores are open in the United States and Canada that provide pet foods and supplies that are priced reasonably. PetSmart provides all types of services for pets including pet training, pet grooming, pet boarding and adoption services. In addition to providing impressive value PetSmart has the broadest, deepest product
Rating:Essay Length: 1,478 Words / 6 PagesSubmitted: July 8, 2011 -
Bush Boake Allen Marketing Plan
Individual Case Analysis Prepared for: Prof. Badame - GSBA 528 Prepared by: Adam Terry вЂ" OCC1 April 8, 2008 Table of Contents 1. ISSUESвЂ¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦.вЂ¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦ 2 2. SITUATION ANALYSIS вЂ¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦.вЂ¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦..2 2.1. Introduction вЂ¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦.вЂ¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦.2 2.2. Market вЂ¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦.вЂ¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦..3 2.2.1. Market Definition, Size and Analysis вЂ¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦.вЂ¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦.3 2.2.2. Market Trends вЂ¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦.вЂ¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦..3 2.2.3. Technological Changes in the Market вЂ¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦.вЂ¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦3 2.2.4. Legal / Regulatory Issues for the Market вЂ¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦.вЂ¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦...3 2.3. Competitor Analysis ...вЂ¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦..3 2.4. Customer вЂ¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦...4 2.4.1. Customer Needs / PerceptionsвЂ¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦Ð²Ð‚¦...4 2.4.2.
Rating:Essay Length: 3,977 Words / 16 PagesSubmitted: July 8, 2011