Evaluate The Costs And Benefits To Modern Business From Engaging In Foreign Direct Investment.

Along with the constant deepening of modern international trade globalization, various economic elements of modern commerce such as: labor, goods, service and capital etc. have begun to span the geological border of each country and been widely circulated in the world under the promotion of the globalization. Especially the capital internationalization whose main form is international direct investment is the most frequent. The capital internationalization includes two dimensional contents: on one hand, it's an international of investor structure; on the other hand, it's also an international of enterprise organization structure, including the internationalization of enterprise headquarters, area headquarters, operation headquarters, capital headquarters or branch institution. The above two internationalizations supplement each other, develop the transnational operation network of the enterprise, promote the internationalized operation of the enterprise and reinforce or improve the international competition advantage of the enterprise.

According to the foreign direct investment questionnaire made by Ministry of Commerce in Chin in March of 2006, the current purposes of Chinese enterprises on the foreign direct investment include: 1. To transfer the domestic superfluous production and technology capacity of the host country. 2. To develop the foreign resource. 3. To study the latest foreign technology, management and marketing experience. 4. To explore foreign market to drive the export. 5. To speed up the enterprise's globalization course. 6. To evade the trade barrier.

The advantages brought by FDI on the modern enterprise operation:

1. FDI is the effective way to evade the international trade barrier

The global economic integration is the main trend of the development of current world economy. Some international organizations, such as WTO, are always applied themselves to promoting the trade liberalization and reducing the tariff wall among the countries. However, some non-tariff trade protective measures such as the anti-dumping policy adopted by the import country promote the enterprise to adopt the international direct investment manner to get round these non-tariff barriers.

According to relevant data statistics, the direct investment flow of Japan on EU and U.S. in 1980s was affected by the increase of anti-dumping cases of the two countries, and the foreign direct investment flow increased accordingly. For example: from 1980 to 1995, U.S. has launched 791 anti-dumping litigations, the defendant companies in 126 litigations adopt the foreign direct investment evading the anti-dumping to invest in U.S., most adopt the new establishment mode, some enterprises adopted the manner of purchasing the local enterprise or extending the scale of original direct investment enterprise. The experience of other countries also proves that the strict trade protectionism threat as the anti-dumping of the import country will finally promote the direct investment and transfer the enterprise production of original export country into the direct investment production of original export country in the import country, and turn the so-called imported product into the product produced by the local enterprise of the import country. This is the so-called "replacing the trade with investment".

The following three FDI forms are the most general and effective way to evade the trade barrier in the practice.

①Invest in the host country to establish the enterprise

This mode is applicable to produce the product with self brand, and evades the huge capital demand and long-term integration process required by purchasing the enterprise of the host country. For example, Toyota Company declared in March of 2007 that they would invest 1.3 billion dollars in Mississippi State of U.S. to establish a new automobile assembly plant to produce the next generation of Land Cruiser SUV. It will be the 8th plant of Toyota in North America, the purpose of Toyota's constant investing and building plant in U.S. is to let its brand occupy more shares in North American market, and to evade the trade sanction measure taken by U.S. on the imported Japanese automobiles due to the increase of automobile import and some political pressure caused by this.

②Purchase famous brand in the host country

Just as its name implies, this is a way of "producing eggs by borrowing hens, belonging to me and being used by me, using these brands in the host country to produce product and making local sale". The advantage of this method lies in utilizing the marketing channel and name recognition of the original brand to enter the market rapidly, the disadvantage lies in requiring strong capital power and brand management ability. Chinese famous TV manufacturer TCL has purchased Thomson, and will own seven plants of Thomson including three TV production plants in Maquliadoras of Mexico, these three plants will provide Thomson and RCA brand TV to North America especially U.S. and Canadian market. Through the fact result proves that the internationalization course of TCL is too fast, this action do saves the time and cost for it to enter the foreign market.

③Invest and establish enterprise in the third country to cope with the anti-dumping

Invest and establish enterprise in the country and area with certain trade agreement relationship with the target market, then utilize the trade preferential condition between the third country and the target country to sell the product. For example, Haier Group's establishing plant in Poland is to utilize the preferential item of EU on its member countries and local relatively low production cost in Europe to cope with the anti-dumping. Meanwhile it also reduces the supply lead time in European market and improves the product service quality.

In a word, the traditional theory of investment's replacing the trade also reflects subtle complementary and promotion relationship due to the existence of factors as incomplete market etc. Therefore FDI is an effective way to evade the trade barrier.

2. FDI is favorable to prolong the life period of the product and the whole enterprise

As shown in the above diagram, the management generally divides the life period of the enterprise into start-up stage, growth stage, maturity stage and decline stage. When the enterprise is on the start-up stage, the enterpriser often has a great ambition and is willing to make promise on the risk, and the originality ability of the enterprise is strong. The market hasn't

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