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Doctrine of Sin Notes

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Doctrine of Sin

Subject

  • In Karl Menniger’s published work, Whatever Became of Sin? (1973) he speaks about the “disappearance of sin” from 20th century society.
  • Wrongdoing is now identified as a crime, a symptom of illness, or a “collective responsibility” (Grudem,451)
  • The language of what sin is has changed. (2 or 3 ways sin has changed)
  • Adultery is called “an affair”
  • Fornication is called “hooking up”
  • Two unmarried people living together before marriage was called “shacking up” and was scorned, now it is a “trial” to see if marriage will work
  • Teenage pregnancy is no longer looked down upon.
  • Cheating is seen as competing.
  • Stealing is justified as getting what one deserves.
  • Abortion is seen as a choice.
  • Two Broad Categories
  • Philosophical Naturalism- Sin is die to man’s essential finitude or creaturely weakness.
  • Philosophical Idealism- Sin is due to bodily appetites or instincts, or to man’s possession of a body.
  • Grudem defines sin as “any failure to conform to the moral law of God in act, attitude, or nature.”
  • Old Testament Words— know 3
  • Chatat- “to miss”
  • Gen. 4:7 in reference to Cain- “sin is crouching at the door”
  • Avon- iniquity/wickedness
  • Lev. 16:21 in reference to Aaron laying hands on the goat
  • Pesha- revolt, transgress
  • Prov. 28:19
  • Shagah- to err, stray
  • Prov. 28:10
  • New Testament Words
  • Hamartia- to miss the mark
  • Rom. 6:6
  • Paraptoma- fault, transgression, deviation from revealed way
  • Eph. 2:5
  • Aselgeia- lasciviousness, lewdness
  • Eph. 4:19
  • Anomia- lawlessness
  • 1 Tim. 1:9
  • Epithumia- lust
  • Rom. 7:8- “desire”
  • There are a variety of terms in the Bible that describe sin as rebellion against God.
  • This rebellion is man’s actions, attitudes, and nature.
  • Sin is any type of rebellion, no matter how great or small, against God’s moral law and/ or character
  • Many people attempt to classify sin as “big” or “little”, but this is a humanistic approach with a subjective view.
  • How did sin originate?
  • Sin did not originate with God.
  • It did not come from some eternally existing evil force.
  • The devil was a created being.
  • Is. 14:12-15
  • Ezekiel 28:1-16
  • The rebelión of angels
  • Gen. 1:31; Gen. 3:1-5
  • 1 Peter 3:18-19
  • 2 Peter 2:4
  • Jude 6-7
  • Adam and Eve
  • Genesis 3
  • Doubt v.1
  • Denial v.4
  • Deceit v.5
  • Desire
  • Pragmatic- good for food
  • Pleasing- looked good
  • Powerful- able to make wise
  • Disobedience v.6
  • Eve was deceived, but Adam disobeyed without deception
  • Results
  • Fig leaves
  • indicates they were intelligent and artistic
  • Shame and fear
  • They hid themselves
  • Blame
  • “The woman whom You gave to be with me.”
  • “The serpent deceived me, and I ate.”
  • Serpent cursed
  • Probably had legs prior
  • Ground cursed
  • Adam was instructed to tend the garden so “work” is not a result of the curse
  • Pain in childbearing and longing to be lord over husband
  • Sacrifice
  • Verse 21- God made tunics of skin. God was the first to make a sacrifice.
  • Paradise lost
  • Romans 5:12
  • “Because all sinned”- All humanity was in Adam
  • We area not just sinners because we sin, we sin because we are sinners.
  • Romans 5:16
  • 2 Corinthians 11:3
  • 1 Timothy 2:14
  • The Extent of Sin
  • No-one is immune to sin
  • 1 Kings 8:46
  • Ps. 143:2
  • Proverbs 20:9
  • Eccles. 7:20
  • Is. 53:6
  • Rom. 3:10,12,23
  • Gal. 3:22
  • 1 John 1:8
  • Results of Sin (from Erickson, 619ff)
  • Affecting the Relationship with God.
  • Divine Disfavor
  • Guilt
  • Punishment
  • Death
  • Physical—Heb. 9:27
  • Spiritual—Romans 6:23
  • Eternal—Matt. 25:34-40
  • Affecting the Sinner
  • Enslavement
  • Flight from Reality
  • Denial of Sin
  • Self-Deceit
  • Insensitivity
  • Self-centeredness
  • Affecting the Relationship with others
  • Competition
  • Inability to Empathize
  • Rejection of Authority
  • Inability to love (agape)
  • Views
  • Pelagian
  • Even human soul is immediately created in a state of innocence, free from depravity.
  • Death is not a consequence of sin, but the natural outcome of mortal life.
  • Man is a sinner because he sins, not because he is born sinful.
  • If God requires us to live holy lives, we must be able to do so.
  • Socinians and Unitarians hold this view.
  • Pelagianism was condemned at the Synod of Carthage (418) and at the Council of Ephesus (431)
  • Augustinian
  • Adam transmitted sin to his progeny by means of natural generation.
  • The entire human race existed seminally in Adam.
  • Identified humanity as spiritually dead.
  • Semi-Pelagian
  • Attempt to find middle ground between Pelagianism and Augustinian views.
  • Adam’s sin caused spiritual weakness rather than fallenness.
  • Spiritually sick instead of well or dead.
  • Wesuffer from a spiritual deficiency due to Adam’s fall.
  • Common view of Roman Catholicism.
  • Some would put Charles Finney (first to use the “altar call) into this category.
  • Arminian
  • Adam’s sin causes guilt, depravity, and punishment in the human race.
  • God’s prevenient grace enables man to cooperate with God to overcome this state.
  • Given to all humans indiscriminately.
  • Basis of all the goodness found in humans everywhere.
  • Universally given to counteract the effect of sin.
  • Since God has given this grace to all, everyone is capable of accepting the offer of salvation.
  • There is no need for any special application of God’s grace to particular individuals.
  • John Wesley was a proponent of this view.
  • Federal/Covenantal
  • Adam was appointed head of the human race by God.
  • God entered into covenant with Adam, agreeing to give eternal life on condition of obedience.
  • The race is condemned on the basis of Adam’s sin.
  • New School
  • All men are born with a physical and moral constitution that predisposes them to sin.
  • All do sin wen they arrive at moral consciousness.
  • The original predisposition may be called sin since it leads to sin, but only voluntary acts are actually sin.
  • God imputes men only their own acts of rebellion.
  • This view was a reaction to Puritan theology.
  • Neo-Orthodox
  • The fall is representative of what happens to everyone.
  • We all have our own “little scene in the Garden of Eden”
  • Both Barth and Brunner rejected the reality of a literal, historical Adam and Eve
  • Liberation Theology
  • Sin is a collective reality revealed in social and political situations.
  • Sin is a act of society rather than an individual act.
  • Oppression of the poor, ethnic, or gender groups.
  • The solution of sin is social and political freedom.
  • Many stories taken as allegorical.
  • Moses leading the Israelites shows God freeing His people from oppression.
  • Mediate or Immediate
  • Immediate
  • Transfer of guilt and corruption
  • Mediate
  • Propensity for sin. Personal sin and personal responsibility.
  • Are there degrees of sin?
  • “Little sins” are still against a holy God.
  • Different sins may have different consequences.
  • The same sins may affect people differently according to their role or position in leadership.
  • The Death of Infants
  • All infants are lost due to their corruption by sin.
  • Only elect infants are saved.
  • All infants are saved through benefits of the atonement.
  • Infants are in a state of sin and requires regeneration— Ps. 51:5; Eph. 2:3
  • Infants posses relative innocence—Deut. 1:39; Jonah 4:11; Matt. 18:3-4
  • Appear to be special objects of divine grace— Matt.18:5,6,10,14; Matt. 19:14
  • Age of accountability
  • You don't have to teach a child to sin.
  • Evidence for the salvation of infants.
  • Deut.1:39
  • 2 Sam. 12:23
  • Revelation 5:9?
  • Closing Toughts
  • Sin of commission and omission.
  • Commission- doing wrong willfully
  • Omission- unkowingly or without thought
  • All sin is sin.
  • 1 John 3:4; 1:9
  • James 1:9
  • We are held responsible by God or both.
  • Idolatry
  • Col. 3:5
  • Fornication- “immorality”
  • Undearness- “impurity”
  • Passion- “physical side”
  • Evil desire- “mental side”
  • Covetousness- “greed”
  • These sins follow the individual’s desires instead of God’s. We end up worshipping ourselves and not God. We make ourselves to be our own god.
  • The Ten Commandments
  • They reveal our sin.
  • People do not understand their need for a Savior if they do not know that they need saving.
  • Let God’s Word convict
  • We are unable to keep them.
  • If we sin once we have broken them all. They are a unit.

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