Andalucia

Andalusia (Spanish: AndalucÐ"­a) is an autonomous community of Spain. Andalusia is the most populous and the second largest, in terms of its land area, of the seventeen autonomous communities of the Kingdom of Spain. Its capital is Seville.

Andalusia is bounded on the north by the autonomous communities of Extremadura and Castilla-La Mancha; on the east by the autonomous community of Murcia and the Mediterranean Sea; on the west by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean; on the south by the Mediterranean Sea, the Strait of Gibraltar, which separates Spain from Morocco, and the Atlantic Ocean. The British colony of Gibraltar shares a three-quarter-mile land border with the Andalusian province of CÐ"ÐŽdiz at the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar.

Contents[hide]Ð'* 1 History o 1.1 Tartessians and Phoenicians o 1.2 Carthaginians and Romans o 1.3 Vandals and Visigoths o 1.4 Arabs and Moors Ð'* 2 Geography Ð'* 3 Administrative divisions Ð'* 4 Economy Ð'* 5 Transports and commerce Ð'* 6 Government and Politics Ð'* 7 Monuments Ð'* 8 Native or Famous people from Andalusia Ð'* 9 See also Ð'* 10 References Ð'* 11 External links

[edit] History

Further information: Al-Andalus

[edit] Tartessians and Phoenicians

Tartessos, the capital of the once-powerful Tartessian civilization, was located in Andalusia in pre-Roman times. The Phoenicians colonized several areas on the Andalusian coast during the early part of the first millennium BCE. The Oldest being Cadiz around 1100BC. This brought them in contact with the innerland Tartessians.

[edit] Carthaginians and Romans

With the fall of Phoenicia in the East, the Semitic towns on the coasts of Andalusia turned into the biggest North African Phoenician colony Carthage and Andalusia became the major staging ground for the war vs Rome led by Hannibal from Cartagena. The Romans eventually were able to reverse the tide of the war and conquer Andalusia. From then on the region was given the name Betica.

[edit] Vandals and Visigoths

The Vandals moved briefly through the region during the 5th century CE before settling in North Africa, after which the region fell into the hands of the Kingdom of the Visigoths who had to face the Byzantine interests in the region.

[edit] Arabs and Moors

Main article: Al-Andalus

The Umayyad Caliphate invasion of the Iberian peninsula in 711-718 marked the collapse of Visigothic rule. Andalucian culture was deeply influenced by half a millennium of Muslim rule during the Middle Ages. CÐ"Ñ-rdoba became the largest and richest city in Western Europe and one of the largest in the world. The Moors established universities in Andalucia, and cultivated scholarship, bringing together the greatest achievements of all of the civilisations they had encountered. During that period Moorish and Jewish scholars played a major part in reviving and contributing to Western astronomy, medicine, philosophy and mathematics. With the fall of Seville in 1248 most of Andalucia came under Castilian control, leaving only the emirate of Granada under Muslim rule until it too was conquered by the Catholic monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella in 1492. The largest Arabic speaking population was in Andalucia, which also received Moors from other regions who were driven south by the Reconquista, and although many either converted or left later, they gave the region its distinctive character till this day.

Andalucia is known for its Moorish and Moorish influenced architecture. Notable examples include the Alhambra in Granada, the Mezquita in CÐ"Ñ-rdoba, the Torre del Oro and Giralda towers and the Reales AlcÐ"ÐŽzares in Seville, and the Alcazaba in MÐ"ÐŽlaga. Archaeological ruins include Medina Azahara, near CÐ"Ñ-rdoba, and ItÐ"ÐŽlica, near Seville, and at Huelva, the Andalusian port from which Columbus's expedition of discovery was launched.

The Spanish language spoken in the Americas is largely descended from the Andalusian dialect of Spanish. This is due to the role played by Seville as the gateway to Spain's American territories during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

Andalusia Day (in Spanish, DÐ"­a de AndalucÐ"­a) is celebrated on February 28, to commemorate the date of the successful referendum vote on autonomy.

[edit] Geography

[edit] Administrative divisions

The Mezquita in CÐ"Ñ-rdoba

Province Capital Population Density Municipalities

AlmerÐ"­a AlmerÐ"­a 635.850 72,47 hab./kmÐ'І Municipalities

CÐ"ÐŽdiz CÐ"ÐŽdiz 1.180.817 158,80 hab./kmÐ'І Municipalities

CÐ"Ñ-rdoba CÐ"Ñ-rdoba 788.287 72,47 hab./kmÐ'І Municipalities

Granada Granada 882.184 68,70 hab./kmÐ'І Municipalities

Huelva Huelva 483.792 47,67 hab./kmÐ'І Municipalities

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