Anatomy of Upper and Lower Airways

• Anatomy of upper and lower airways

• Terms of respiration and meaning – pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, transport of respiratory gases, internal respiration

• Definitions – tidal volume, deadspace volume, minute volume, alveolar ventilation

• Mechanisms of respiration

• Airway adjuncts – NPA, OPA, LMA – sizing and amount of inflation for LMA cuff

• Pros, Cons and contraindications of LMA

• Rights of drug administration

• Safety checks prior to drug administration

• Routes of administration

• Know issues of drug administration pertaining to the young and elderly

• Genetic, psychological, environmental and illness and disease factors that influence drug administration

• Allergic reactions

• Potential complications, limitations and sites for use etc: for IM, IV, Intranasal

• Rate of flow for IV gauges

• Physiology of pain

• What pain is

• Ethical management of pain

• Types of pain / pain interpretation

• Techniques of pain relief

• Assessment of pain – OPQRST AS-PN, OLD CARTS, SOCRATES PEN

• Goals of pain assessment

• Pain in children and elderly

• Reason paramedics give fluids

• Shock triangle and issues associated with the pump, pipe and fluids – hypervolemia, cardiogenic, distributive and obstructive

• Classification of blood loss

• Autonomic responses to shock

• Traumatic brain injury – VSS, management, considerations and O2

• Trauma

• Burns

• Septic shock

• Diabetic ketoacidosis DKA

• Heat exhaustion

• Heat stroke

• Calculating intravenous flow rate

• Anatomy of the heart and what each anatomical structure is responsible for

• Factors involved in regulation of cardiac output

• Properties of cardiac muscle

• Electrophysiology

• Pacemaker sites of the heart

• 5-step methods

• Sinus rhythms

• VT

• VF

• Asystole