Stripping: Necessary?

Chapter 18

During the period of Mongol domination long-distance trade became much less risky. Devastation wroght by the bubonic plague played a key role in the 14th cent. Collapse of the Yuan dynasty. Turkish military might was based on their cavalry forces. Hinduism never became popular among the nomadic Turkish tribes. During their time as rulers of China forbade the Chinese from learning the Mongol language. Russia was donminated from the 13th-15 cent by the golden horde. The Mongol ilkhanate in Persia was established in 1258 by Hulegu. The Mongol naval campaign against Japan in 1281 was the largest seaborne expedition before World War 2. The late 14th century Turkish ruler who weakened Golden Horde & launched campaigns in sw Asia and Anatolia was Tamerlane. The founder of Ottoman Turks was Osman. In 1295 the Inkhan Ghazan converted to Islam. In 1279 Khubilai Khan proclaimed the Yuan dynasty. The Ghaznavid Turkish leader who raided and plundered India in the 11th cent was Mahmud. In 1055 the Saljuq Turkish leader Tughril Beg was recognized as sultan by the Abbaid caliph. Mongol military advantage was based on use of a double curved bow. At Manzikert in 1071 the Saljug turnks won an important victory over the Byzantines. Chinggis Khan to Temujin. Yurts were tents used by nomadic turks.

Chapter 19

Great epid story of Mali is known as the Sundiata. The legendary Mali king Sundiata built his capital at Niami. Bantu began migrations because of population pressures. The tightly centralized of the 14th cent Bantu kingdoms was Kongo. By the 10th cent C.C. the kings of Ghana converted to Islanm. Mali would reach its peak during the reign of Mansa Musa. 1505 attacked by the Portuguese. Axum was a Christian kingdom in Ethiopia. 500 distinct tongues. Bantu began to produce iron. The capital of the kingdom of Ghana, and a major trading center, was Koumbi-Saleh. Most powerful state in w Africa was Ghana.

Chapter 20

The Investiture Contest reached its peak with a struggle between Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV. Fredrick Barborossa was blocked by the popes in his attempt to gain control over Lombrardy. In 987 the French nobles chose Hugh

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